Waste minimisation processes for the tanning industry publications

By January 24th, 2011

The following publications detail the work involved in the development of CSIRO’s waste minimisation processes for the tanning industry.

Patents

Scroggie JG, 1970, Improvements in preservation and de-hairing of hides and skins. TW0708. Countries: AU 25648/71.

Key Publications

Money CA, 2005, ‘Addressing salinity in tannery effluents and uses for land irrigation in Australia and India’, World Leather, 18: 22.

Money CA, White HF, Poole JM, 1999, ‘The chemical basis of improved carbon dioxide deliming and its application’, Proc XXV IULTCS Congress, Chennai.

Money CA, 1996, ‘Unhairing and dewooling – Requirements for quality and the environment’ – 1995 Procter Memorial Lecture, Oxford, J Soc Leath Technol Chem, 80: 175.

White HF, Money CA, Poole JM, Karamoshos D, 1993, ‘Carbon dioxide deliming of thick hides’, Proc XXII IULTCS Congress, Porto Alegre, 1993.

Money CA, 1991, ‘Tannery waste minimization’, John Arthur Wilson Memorial Lecture, J. Amer. Leath. Chem. Ass., 86: 227.

Cranston RW, Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1982, ‘Improvements in the unhairing process,’ Das Leder, 33: 49.

Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1980, ‘Theory and practice of direct chrome liquor recycling’, Das Leder, 31: 1

Money CA, 1970, ‘Short-term preservation of hides’, J. Amer. Leath. Chem. Ass., 65, 64.

Other publications

Money C, 2010, ‘Reasons to tan hides and skins close to their source’, Leather International, August 2010, 20

Money CA, 2010, ‘Leather Working Group audit considerations’, J. Soc. Leather Technol. Chem., 94, 185.

Money C, 2010, ‘Sustainable and humane kangaroo industry’, Leather International, October 2010, 28

Catherine Money C, 2010, ‘Salinity issues for tanners’, Leather International, November/December 2010, 24

Ramasami T, Chandra Babu NK, Muralidharan C, Ragava Rao J, Saravanan P, Money CA, 2007, ‘TDS still a problem for tanneries in India’, Leather International, June 2007, 28

Money CA, Chandra Babu NK, 2006, ‘Salinity reduction in tannery effluent’, Leather International, Jan/Feb 2006, 208, 30

Simpson C, Hickey M, Money CA, 2004, ‘The effect of organic acids and amines in chromium vi determination’, Leather International, May 2004, 30

Adminis U, Money CA, 2003, ‘Short- term preservation of hides and skins’, Leather International, February 2003, 205: 26

Money CA, 2001, ‘Chromium and leather-what risk?’, Leather International, 203: 15

Adminis U, Huynh C, Money CA, 2001, ‘The need for improved fungicides for wet-blue’, J. Soc. Leath. Technol. Chem., 2002, 86, 118

Money CA, 1999, ‘Clean technology of the future’, World Leather, 12: 20.

Adminis, U. and Money CA, 1998, ‘Short-term preservation of hides and skins’, Meat Technology Update, AMT, No. 98/3, June 1998.

Money CA, 1996, ‘Land irrigation with tannery effluents’, World Leather, 9: 60.

Adminis U, Money CA, 1994, ‘Curing of hides and skins’, Meat Technology Update, AMT, No. 94/2, September 1994: General Requirements; No. 94/3, October 1994: Alternative Methods.

Cranston RW, Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1986, ‘A possible modification of the “Sirolime” hair-recovery process for rapid production of “wet-blue” leather’, Leder 37: 204-208.

Cranston RW, Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1986, ‘Practical considerations on the Sirolime process’. J. Soc. Leather Technol. Chem. 70: 50-55.

Cranston RW, Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1986, ‘Development of the “Sirolime” unhairing process’. J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. 81: 347-355.

Davis MH, Montgomery, K. C., Scroggie JG, 1985, ‘Alternatives to chromium tanning. Part II. Use of sequential treatments for production of aluminium-tanned leather of high stability’. J. Soc. Leather Technol. Chem. 69: 130-134.

Davis MH, Montgomery, K. C., Scroggie JG, 1985, ‘Alternatives to chromium tanning. Part II. Use of sequential treatments for production of aluminium-tanned leather of high stability’. J. Soc. Leather Technol. Chem. 69: 130-134.

Cranston RW, Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1984, ‘Commercial trials on the Sirolime hair-recovery process using the Vallero ecodrum’. Leather 186: 229-231.

Cranston RW, Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1984, ‘Further report on the new CSIRO unhairing process’. Das Leder 4: 55-59.

Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1984, ‘Lime or chrome-splitting?’ Aust. Leather J. 87: 2-5.

Cranston RW, Scroggie JG, 1982, ‘Development of a hair-recovery process for unhairing of hides’. Aust. Leather J. 85, 2-4.

Davis MH, Money CA, Scroggie JG, 1982, ‘Preventive technology for improvement of tannery effluent’. Leder 33: 100-103.

Davis MH, Money CA, Scroggie JG, 1982, ‘Preventive technology for improvement of tannery effluent’. Leder 33: 100-103.

Cranston RW, Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1981, ‘Improvements in the unhairing process’. Das Leder 33: 49-54.

Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1980, ‘Theory and practice of direct chrome liquor recycling’. Leder 31: 1-8.

Money CA, 1980, ‘Sheepskins can be more valuable’, Meat by-products quality control workshop notes CSIRO Meat Research Laboratory, 98-105.

Davis MH, Money CA, Scroggie JG, 1978, ‘Die Anpassung von Lederherstellungsverfahren zur Verminderung der Abwasserprobleme’. Leder 29: 1-7.

Bladier JW, Garrow C, Harrap BS, Scroggie JG, 1976, ‘Production of an acoustic building material from chrome leather waste’. Aust. Leather J. 78: 30,32,34.

Colquitt DE, Scroggie JG, 1976, ‘Leather research in CSIRO’. PACE 29: 13-17.

Money CA, 1974, ‘Short term preservation of hides. II The use of zinc chloride or calcium hypochlorite as alternatives to sodium chlorite’. J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. 69, 112-120.

Money CA, Adminis U, 1974, ‘Recycling of lime-sulphide unhairing liquors. I. Small-scale trials’. J. Soc. Leather Technol. Chem. 58: 35-40.

Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1974, ‘Reaction of a basic chromium(III)-zirconium(IV , sulphate complex with amino acids’. Aust. J. Chem. 27: 279-286.

Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1973, ‘Investigation of commercial chrome-tanning systems. Part I. Separation of the complexes present by gel filtration and the effects of ageing and basification’. J. Soc. Leather Technol. Chem. 57: 13-18.

Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1973, ‘Investigation of commercial chrome-tanning systems. Part II. The rate of uptake by hide of the different chromium complexes from solution’. J. Soc. Leather Technol. Chem. 57: 35-38.

Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1973, ‘Investigation of commercial chrome-tanning systems. Part III. Re-cycling of used chrome liquors’. J. Soc. Leather Technol. Chem. 57: 53-58.

Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1973, ‘Investigation of commercial chrome-tanning systems. Part IV. Re-cycling of chrome liquors and their use as a basis for pickling’. J. Soc. Leather Technol. Chem. 57: 81-83.

Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1973, ‘Investigation of commercial chrome-tanning systems. Part V. Re-cycling of chrome liquors in commercial practice’. J. Soc. Leather Technol. Chem. 57: 173-176.

Scroggie JG, 1973, ‘Use of decreased lime levels during unhairing in the tannery’. Aust. Leather J. Boot Shoe Rec. 76: 38, 40.

Scroggie JG, 1972, ‘Effluent from the tannery’. Aust. Leather J. Boot Shoe Rec. 75: 48,50,52,54.

Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1972, ‘Interaction of a basic chromium-zirconium sulphate complex with tropocollagen’. Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 4: 319-325.

Cutting NJ, Scroggie JG, 1971, ‘Some experiments in the beamshed processing of green hides’. Aust, Leather J. 73: 60,62,64,66,68,70,72.

Lhuede EP, Scroggie JG, 1971, ‘Freezing of cattle hide for preservation’. Aust. Refrig. Air Condit. Heat. 25: 22-28.

Money CA, Scroggie JG, 1971, ‘Lysosomal hair-loosening of hides’. J. Soc. Leather Trades Chem. 55: 333-343.

Montgomery KC, Scroggie JG, 1971, ‘The isolation of a combined zirconium-chromium(III , basic sulphate complex’. Aust. J. Chem. 24: 687-696.

Montgomery KC, Scroggie JG, 1970, ‘The compleximetric determination of zirconium in solids, solutions and tanned leathers both in the presence and absence of chromium- a technical note’. J. Soc. Leather Trades Chem. 54: 361-364.

Scroggie JG, 1970, ‘The enhancement of hair loosening by preliminary freezing of the hide’. J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. 65, 628-643.

Scroggie JG, 1970, ‘The interaction between “chlorine dioxide” and collagen’. J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. 65: 216-234.

Lhuede EP, Yates JR, 1970, ‘Controlled drying of sheepskins – design and operating cost for an air-conditined enclosure’. Aust. Refrig. Air Condit. Heat. 24: 22-27.

Money CA, 1970, ‘Short term preservation of hides’. J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. 65: 64-77.

Beck PJ, Lhuede EP, Scroggie JG, 1970, ‘Ein Bericht über Untersuchungen uber die Ledertrocknung in anderen Ländern und über eigene Untersuchungen Drying of leather. Part III. Effect of different degrees of slicking in the properties of paste-dried leather)’. Leder 21: 142-148.

Scroggie JG, 1969, ‘A comparative assessment of leather produced by “chlorine dioxide” and lime-sulfide unhairing’. J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc. 64: 628-643.

Money CA, 1969, ‘Preservation of hides and skins – salting’. Australas. Leather Footwear Rev. 66: 15-17.

Scroggie JG, 1968, ‘Some observations on oxidative unhairing’. Australas. Leather Footwear Rev. 44, 11-15.

Scroggie JG, 1968, ‘Some observations on oxidative unhairing’. Aust. Leather J. 71: 68, 70, 72.

Conference proceedings

Ramasami T, Chandra Babu NK, Muralidharan C, Ragava Rao J, Saravanan P, Money CA, 2007, ‘Salinity reduction in tannery effluent’, Proceedings, p20-26, LERIG 2007, BEST for Indian Leather Sector, CLRI, Chennai, January 2007

Money CA, Chandra Babu NK, 2005, ‘Salinity reduction in tannery effluent’, Proc XXVIII IULTCS Congress, Florence, 2005

Money CA, 2003, ‘Utilisation of total dissolved solids by tannery effluent irrigation’, Proceedings, Global Benchmarks for Leather Sector, CLRI, Chennai, January 2003

Adminis U, Huynh C, Money CA, 2001, ‘The need for improved fungicides for wet-blue’, Proc XXVI IULTCS Congress, Cape Town, 2001.

Adminis U, Huynh C, Money CA, 2001, ‘The need for improved fungicides for wet-blue’, Cuoio Pelli Materie Concianti, 2001, 77, 199. (In Italian)

Adminis U, Huynh C, Money CA, 2001, ‘The need for improved fungicides for wet-blue’, Proceedings, Innovations in Leather Science and Technology Seminar, CLRI, Chennai, April 2001.

Money CA, 1999, ‘Clean technology challenges’, Proc XXV IULTCS Congress, Chennai, India, 1999.

Money CA, White HF, Poole JM, 1999, ‘The chemical basis of improved carbon dioxide deliming and its application’, Proc XXV IULTCS Congress, Chennai, 1999

Money CA, 1998, ‘Advanced chrome tanning methods’, UNIDO Workshop on Cleaner Technologies for Tanners, Chennai, September 1998

Cranston RW, Gleisner RW, Macoun RG, Simpson CM, Cowey SG, Money CA, 1997, ‘The total recycling of chromium and salts in tanning liquors’, Proc IULTCS Centenary Congress, London, 1997.

Kautzner B, Money CA, 1995, ‘Advantages of basification with highly reactive magnesium oxides’, Proc XXIII IULTCS Congress, Friedrichshafen, 1995

White HF, Harris JL., Money CA, Yap T, 1995, ‘Scientific and process innovations for cleaner production in a tannery’, Proc Nat. Env. Eng. Conf. Melb. 1995

White HF, Money CA, Poole JM, Karamoshos D, 1993, ‘Carbon dioxide deliming of thick hides’, Proc XXII IULTCS Congress, Porto Alegre, 1993.

White H, Cranston RW, Money CA, 1991, ‘Utilisation of hair from the sirolime unhairing process’, Proc XXI IULTCS Congress, Barcelona, 1991.

Cranston RW, Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1987, ‘Modification of the “Sirolime” hair-recovery process to allow splitting during liming – a commercial assessment’, Proc. Congr. Int. Union Leather Technol. Chem. Soc. : 19th : Melbourne, pp151-160.

Cranston RW, Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1983, ‘Development of a hair-recovery process for unhairing of hides’, Proc. Congr. Int. Union Leather Technol. Chem. Soc. : 17th : Venice, pp 316-322.

Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1978, ‘Recycling of chrome-tanning liquors’, Rep. Ann. Conf. Leather Tech. New Zealand Leather & Shoe Research Association, 26-42.

Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1978, ‘Recycling of chrome-tanning liquors’, Rep. Ann. Conf. Leather Tech. New Zealand Leather & Shoe Research Association, 26-42.

Davis MH, Money CA, Scroggie JG, 1977, ‘Modification of processing methods to minimize tannery effluent problems’, Proc. Congr. Int. Union Leather Technol. Chem. Soc. 15th : Hamburg 1-10.

Davis MH, Money CA, Scroggie JG, 1977, ‘Modification of processing methods to minimize tannery effluent problems’, Proc. Congr. Int. Union Leather Technol. Chem. Soc. 15th : Hamburg 1-10.

Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1975, ‘The recycling of tannery processing liquors’, Proc. Congr. Int. Union Leather Technol. Chem. Soc. 14th: Barcelona Asociacion Quimica Española de la Industria del Cuero, pp 160-165.

Other Resources

Submission on the ‘Draft National Environment Protection (Assessment of Site Contamination) Measure, Chromium III Soil Quality Guidelines’, November 2010

ACIAR Project ‘Final Report and Economic Analysis’, 2008-2009, http://www.aciar.gov.au/publication/FR2009-14

Cranston RW, Gleisner RW, et al., 1997, ‘The total recycling of chromium and salts in tanning liquors’. Australia: CSIRO Leather Research Centre. A how-to paper on chromium recycling. Includes diagrams and cost-benefit analyses.

Davis MH, Scroggie JG, 1980, ‘Theory and practice of direct chrome liquor recycling’. Australia, CSIRO Leather Research Centre. Examples and strategies to reuse chrome solution during hide processing.

Money CA, ‘Curing of hides and skins: Alternative Methods’. Australia: CSIRO Leather Research Centre.

Money CA, ‘Unhairing and dewooling – Requirements for quality and the environment’: Procter Memorial Lecture. Australia: CSIRO Leather Research Centre.

Pojer PM,Huynh CP, ‘A salt-free pickling regime for hides and skins’. Australia: CSIRO Leather Research Centre.